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Lots of safe, useful, nonchemical techniques of plant defense and pest management might minimize or get rid of the need to spray. Other methods are most advantageous when utilized with pesticides. To execute management practices properly and to minimize losses, gardeners must be conscious of the kinds of bugs that assault plants and understand pest biology.


Insect management methods fall under four groups: cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical. Keeping plants healthy and preventing plant tension helps plants to much better withstand and repair the damage triggered by a bug or mite insect. Some evidence indicates that healthy plants withstand infestation by insects better than plants with low vigor.


Many serious disease or insect issues can be halted or slowed by routinely going to the garden, knowing what to look for, recognizing possible issues, and stepping in early. Cultural approaches of suppressing pest and mite problems in the landscape consist of preparing the soil; choosing plants that are adjusted to the website conditions, that are not attractive to bugs, and that are tolerant of bugs and illness; rotating crops; interplanting; timing planting dates to prevent insects; managing weeds; and planting "trap" crops.

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If tilling is deemed required, think about doing it in the fall when the life process of many pests brings them near the surface. At the surface area, bugs end up being exposed to the weather in addition to birds and other natural opponents. Fall tilling can also damage pests in crop residues. Use disease-free and insect-free qualified seeds and plants if offered.




Examine plants thoroughly (tops of leaves, bottoms of leaves, stems, and soil) before planting to be sure they are tidy. Consider planting determined as resistant to bugs. Resistant cultivars are those that fend off, are unattractive to, or otherwise are inappropriate as food for particular pests or that stand up to feeding by certain pests with little decrease in yield or quality.


If deer are an issue in a garden, select a plant that is naturally resistant to deer predation over a plant that is more appealing to deer. For example, a native downy hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) would be a much better choice than an Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis). Planting 2 comparable crops in succeeding years tends to increase pest issues.

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Some bugs hibernate in the soil or litter around plants or lay eggs in or on the host plant. Do not grow the exact same type resource of veggie in the exact same location each year (Figure 84). Usage associated crops in a website only as that site soon as every three or 4 years. The rotation duration for avoiding some tomato diseases may be 5 to 7 years.




Crop rotation is most efficient on bugs that establish on a few plants. Pests that become serious on cabbage most likely also infest nearby mustard, broccoli, and collards, however they may not spread to cabbage planted on the other side of the garden.


Marigolds and garlic are 2 plants advised as insect repellants; nevertheless, most of these suggestions are unverified. In some cases, the proof suggests these plants are not efficient repellants.

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The flowers of thistle, plantain, knotweed, and dandelion are essential to honey bee populations. Getting rid of weeds after blooming however before seed set offers food for the honey bees however keeps the weeds from continuing to spread. Another method to handle insect bugs is to plant a crop that is really appealing to pests and then treat the trap crop with insecticide.


Crop rotation is a valuable cultural technique for minimizing bug and disease issues, but lots of gardeners do not have the room to sufficiently implement this practice. Where space is restricted, it may be best that site to enable the garden to lay fallow for a year or more or more. Consider raised beds with new soil or plant in containers when you understand a disease problem exists.


Almost any big non-venomous pest can be picked off at any phase. To prevent the task of hand-squashing the bugs, knock the bugs and egg clusters into a coffee can or quart jar with a percentage of water and a little bit of meal detergent. Insect traps can assist with detection and management.

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These traps do not capture some wingless species, as well as those species active only during the day (diurnal) as opposed to active during the night (nighttime). Scent traps are utilized for detecting the existence of pests or often for disrupting insect breeding routines. Adult females produce and launch a chemical odor appealing to males of the very same species.


Rain, cool temperatures, wind speed, and wind direction can reduce the lures' effectiveness. Heat, sunlight, or incorrect storage can harm scented lures. The best success occurs when the insect density is low and motion into the area is minimal. Some physical traps are easy to make from products around the home.


Mix 1 quart of clay with 2 gallons of water and 1 tablespoon of liquid soap in a sprayer. Constantly upset the sprayer to prevent clumping of the clay. Reapply each to three weeks. This barrier is preventive; it will not work if an insect pest is already established.

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Some bugs, such as the azalea stem borer and the dogwood club gall (Figure 813), can be managed by pruning contaminated branches out of plagued plants and destroying them. If twigs infested with dogwood branch borers are pruned in late spring or early summer season, the plants need to still flower without any problem the following spring - pest exterminator in Medford.